What is Metabolism? Explain It's Different Types.

Metabolism

A large number of chemical reactions take place in animal and plant cells and cells biological organisms, which are collectively called metabolism. Metabolism consists of two types of reactions that can either synthesize molecules (anabolic reactions) or break them down, complex molecules. Catabolism is a catabolic reaction resulting in a complex of organics molecules get break into simple molecules. Catabolic reactions exclude energy. This energy can be used in several biological processes. 

As a result of catabolic reactions, carbohydrates, proteins and lipids are broken down oxidizes with the help of various enzymes. These reactions exclude energy that is used to perform many activities on animals. Anabolism is the process of synthesis and production of carbohydrates is one of its examples, where plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water. This process is known as photosynthesis. 

The sum of all reactions using and releasing energy is called metabolism. 

Digestion and Assimilation

Digestion is the process that breaks down large food particles into smaller molecules. These smaller molecules can then be absorbed by the cells for synthetic purposes, which is called assimilation. Digestion of food is necessary for the breakdown of macromolecules such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats into simple molecules. These are necessary for organisms to use them to build new ones compounds. Then the products of the digested material are absorbed by the cells of the animals and are used either to produce new protoplasm or to provide energy. 

Carbohydrate Metabolism 

Wheat, rice, corn, are the best sources of carbohydrates. Final products carbohydrates are simple sugars such as glucose, fructose and galactose. One gram of carbohydrates can supply 3.8 thousand calories of energy. Carbohydrates are the cheapest food source provide us with the energy we need. Excess carbohydrates are converted into glycogen and stored in it muscles and liver. 

Fat Metabolism 

There are two sources of fat. Animal fat can be obtained from butter oil (ghee), butter or cream, fatty meat and fish oil. Another source of fats are plants such as (brassica), the olive tree, coconut, corn, soybeans, cottonseed, sunflower and peanuts. Fats is made from glycerol and fatty acids. They are digested and assimilated in the small intestine. Excess fats can be stored in adipose (adipose) tissues of the body. When there is a lack of glucose or starvation, fats are used respiration instead of glucose. 

Protein Metabolism:

Protein digestion begins in the stomach. Undigested protein is broken down by an enzyme and is converted into amino acids. These amino acids can be used to synthesize new ones proteins or oxidized to provide energy to the body. In addition, during the shortage of carbohydrates, proteins are an effective source of energy.