The Role of Various Endocrine Glands in Our Body

Coordination and Integration in Bodily Functions

All living organisms have some same characteristics. One of them is to respond to a stimulus. Whether the stimuli are external or internal, at the level of the cell, tissue, organ or body. The coordination and integration of the various functions of the human body in response to these stimuli is extremely important.

Coordination and integration in the human body are ensured by two systems. One is the nervous system and second is the endocrine system. The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and two types of nerves. These nerves interpret internal and external stimuli and respond appropriately. In addition to showing a reaction, they also coordinate between different organs. The endocrine system consists of ductless glands that secrete secretions known as hormones. These glands also receive internal and external stimuli through the nervous system and secrete hormones. These hormones are useful in coordinating the functions of various organs and also show feedback. Hormones are chemical messengers that are transported from the site of their synthesis to the site of action via the blood and ensure the coordination of bodily functions.

Endocrine Glands

The following endocrine glands are present in our body.

Pituitary Gland

It is a small gland same to the size of a pea. It is connected to the brain. Since this gland controls the activity of all other glands, it is also known as the "master gland". This gland controls growth and many body functions.

Thyroid Gland

It is located in the neck area on the front side of the trachea. It secretes two kind of hormones. The hormone thyroxine needs iodine for its secretion. These hormones contribute to normal body growth and control calcium levels in the blood. Iodine deficiency causes the thyroid gland to become larger than normal and leads to goiter.

Adrenal Glands

These glands are in the form of a pair, each member lying above the upper end of the kidney. Both parts secrete different hormones. Hormones of the adrenal cortex control blood glucose levels and maintain a balance of sodium and water concentrations in the body. The hormones of the adrenal medulla control the body's involuntary activities. They prepare the human body for emergency situations such as fear, light or sadness. They increase the heart rate and metabolic rate of the human body.

Pancreas

The pancreas is a long, soft and sheet-like organ present below the stomach at the junction of the lower end of the stomach and the small intestine. It synthesizes two hormones: insulin and glucagon. Both of these hormones work antagonistically to control sugar levels, while glucagon works in the opposite way to raise blood sugar levels. Secretion of insulin causes diabetes in humans.

Gonads

The sex organs are called gonads. Testicular hormones are responsible for progress of male sex organs and secondary male sexual characteristics. For example, the enlargement of the larynx and the change in the voice in the body. In addition, they also play a role in the appearance of facial and body hair.

Ovarian hormones are responsible for the development of the female reproductive organs and secondary female sexual characters.